:root{--ink:#1c1a17;--ink-soft:#4c463f;--ink-faint:#7d766c;--paper:#f7f3ec;--paper-card:#fffdf8;--accent:#a02424;--accent-dark:#7a1e1e;--accent-soft:#f3e4e0;--gold:#b98a2f;--line:#e2d9cb;--line-dark:#c9bfae;--fb-blue:#365899;--fb-bg:#f2f3f5;--fb-text:#1d2129;--fb-muted:#606770;--radius:10px;--serif:Georgia,"Times New Roman","Nimbus Roman",serif;--sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body,html{overflow-x:clip}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);line-height:1.6}img,video{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}a{color:inherit}.container{width:100%;max-width:1120px;margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:20px}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.skip-link{position:absolute;left:12px;top:-60px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:6px;z-index:100;text-decoration:none;transition:top .2s ease}.skip-link:focus{top:12px}.masthead{background:var(--paper-card);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.masthead-top{background:var(--ink);color:#f4efe6;font-size:.8rem}.masthead-top-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:38px;gap:16px}.masthead-date{letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#cfc7b8}.masthead-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px}.masthead-actions a{color:#f4efe6;text-decoration:none}.masthead-actions a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.masthead-subscribe{background:var(--accent);padding:5px 14px;border-radius:4px;font-weight:600}.masthead-brand-row{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding-block:22px 16px;text-align:center}.masthead-brand{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3.4rem);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);line-height:1}.masthead-brand span{color:var(--accent)}.masthead-tagline{margin:8px 0 0;font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.28em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-faint)}.masthead-nav{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:3px double var(--line-dark);background:var(--paper-card);position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:40}.masthead-nav-inner,.primary-nav{display:flex;align-items:center}.primary-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.primary-nav a{display:block;padding:12px 14px;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-soft);border-bottom:3px solid transparent}.primary-nav a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.primary-nav a.nav-current{color:var(--accent);border-bottom-color:var(--accent)}.nav-toggle{display:none;background:none;border:0;padding:12px 10px;cursor:pointer;flex-direction:column;gap:4px}.nav-toggle span[aria-hidden=true]{display:block;width:20px;height:2px;background:var(--ink)}.layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 320px;grid-gap:40px;gap:40px;padding-block:36px 56px}.article{min-width:0}.kicker{display:flex;gap:8px;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase}.kicker a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.kicker a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.kicker-divider{color:var(--line-dark)}.article h1{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,4.2vw,2.7rem);line-height:1.16;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 18px}.article h1,.standfirst{font-family:var(--serif)}.standfirst{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0 0 24px;padding-bottom:20px}.byline,.standfirst{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;padding-block:6px 18px;margin-bottom:14px}.byline-avatar{width:46px;height:46px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;border:2px solid var(--line)}.byline-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.byline-name{margin:0;font-size:.92rem}.byline-name a{font-weight:700;color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.byline-name a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.byline-role{margin:0}.byline-date,.byline-role{font-size:.78rem;color:var(--ink-faint)}.byline-date{margin:0 0 0 auto}.share-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding-block:4px 18px;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink-faint)}.share-row a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--line-dark);color:var(--ink-soft);transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease}.share-row a:hover{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:#fff}.share-row svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor}.article-media{margin:22px 0}.article-media picture{display:block}.article-media img,.article-media video{width:100%;border-radius:var(--radius);background:#000}.article-media video{aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:contain}.article-media img{height:auto;object-fit:contain;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--line)}.article-media figcaption{margin-top:8px;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--ink-faint);line-height:1.45}.article-body{font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.75}.article-body p{margin:0 0 1.35em}.article-body h2{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.3;margin:1.8em 0 .7em;padding-top:.6em;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.dropcap:first-letter{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:3.4em;font-weight:700;float:left;line-height:.82;padding:4px 10px 0 0;color:var(--accent-dark)}.pull-quote{margin:30px 0;padding:18px 22px;border-left:4px solid var(--accent);background:var(--accent-soft);border-radius:0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0}.pull-quote p{margin:0 0 8px;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.18rem;font-style:italic;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink)}.pull-quote footer{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--ink-soft);text-align:right}.fact-box{margin:30px 0;padding:20px 24px;background:var(--paper-card);border:1px solid var(--line-dark);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(28,26,23,.06)}.fact-box h3{margin:0 0 12px;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.1rem;color:var(--accent-dark)}.fact-box ul{margin:0;padding-left:18px}.fact-box li{margin-bottom:6px;font-size:.95rem}.cta-link{color:var(--accent);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.cta-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.places{border:4px solid var(--accent);padding:16px 20px;background:#fdf6ef;margin:26px 0;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;border-radius:var(--radius);color:var(--ink)}.places-title{color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 8px}.places p:last-child{margin:0}.highlight{font-size:1.3em;color:var(--accent-dark)}.places-total{color:var(--ink)}.form-card{margin:30px 0;padding:28px 26px;background:var(--paper-card);border:1px solid var(--line-dark);border-top:5px solid var(--accent);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:0 6px 24px rgba(28,26,23,.1)}.form-header{text-align:center;margin-bottom:22px;line-height:1.5}.form-header b{display:block;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--accent-dark)}.form-header span{display:block;margin-top:8px;font-size:.92rem;color:var(--ink-soft)}.input-block{margin-bottom:14px}.input-block input{width:100%;padding:13px 14px;font-size:1rem;color:#000;border:1px solid var(--line-dark);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;font-family:var(--sans)}.input-block input:focus{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:1px;border-color:var(--accent)}.form-error{display:block;min-height:1em;margin-bottom:4px;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--accent)}.form-submit{width:100%;margin-top:6px;padding:15px;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;color:#fff;background:var(--accent);border:0;border-radius:6px;cursor:pointer;transition:background .15s ease,transform .1s ease}.form-submit:hover{background:var(--accent-dark)}.form-submit:active{transform:translateY(1px)}.form-submit:disabled{background:var(--line-dark);cursor:not-allowed}.form-status{margin:12px 0 0;text-align:center;font-size:.88rem;color:var(--ink-soft)}.form-status.is-error{color:var(--accent)}.lead-success[hidden]{display:none}.lead-success:focus{outline:none}.lead-success-icon{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:52px;height:52px;margin:0 auto 14px;border-radius:50%;background:#e4f6ec;color:#1e9e5a}.lead-success-icon svg{width:28px;height:28px}.lead-success-title{margin:0 0 8px;text-align:center;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.5rem;color:var(--ink)}.lead-success-body{max-width:46ch;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;font-size:.96rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink-soft)}.reference-card{margin:18px 0;padding:16px 18px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line-dark);border-radius:var(--radius)}.reference-heading{display:block;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-faint)}.reference-code-row{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin:8px 0}.reference-code{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace;font-size:clamp(1.4rem,6vw,1.8rem);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.1;color:var(--accent-dark)}.reference-copy{padding:8px 14px;font:inherit;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--accent);border-radius:6px;cursor:pointer;transition:background .15s ease}.reference-copy:hover{background:var(--accent-soft)}.reference-help{margin:0;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--ink-faint)}.lead-success-subhead{margin:18px 0 8px;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.05rem;color:var(--ink)}.lead-success-list{display:grid;grid-gap:6px;gap:6px;margin:0;padding-left:18px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink-soft)}.editor-note{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:16px}.editor-note,.tags-row{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--ink-faint)}.tags-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-top:24px}.tags-row a{padding:5px 12px;background:var(--paper-card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-soft)}.tags-row a:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}.comments{margin-top:44px;padding:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #dddfe2;border-radius:6px;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--fb-text);content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-block-size:auto 1800px}.comments-title{margin:0 0 18px;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.25rem}.comments-title span{color:var(--fb-muted);font-weight:400}.comment-input-row{display:flex;gap:8px;margin-bottom:18px}.comment-input-box{display:flex;flex:1 1;min-width:0;align-items:center;background:var(--fb-bg);border-radius:18px;padding:6px 12px}.comment-input-box input{flex:1 1;min-width:0;border:0;background:transparent;font-size:.88rem;outline:none;color:var(--fb-text)}.comment-input-box button{border:0;background:none;color:var(--fb-blue);font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;font-size:.85rem;padding:4px 8px}.comment{display:flex;gap:8px;margin:12px 0}.comment-avatar{width:32px;height:32px;min-width:32px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);object-fit:cover}.comment-body{flex:1 1;min-width:0}.comment-text{margin:0;padding:9px 12px;background:var(--fb-bg);border-radius:16px}.comment-author{display:block;font-weight:600;color:var(--fb-blue);text-decoration:none}.comment-author:hover{text-decoration:underline}.comment-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px;margin:4px 12px 0;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--fb-muted)}.comment-actions a{color:var(--fb-blue);text-decoration:none}.comment-actions a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.comment-actions a:after{content:"·";color:var(--fb-muted);margin-left:4px}.comment-likes{margin-left:auto;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:3px;background:#fff;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.2);padding:2px 6px;color:#8d949e;font-size:.72rem}.comment-likes img{width:14px;height:14px;display:inline-block}.comments-more{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;color:var(--fb-blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.comments-more:hover{text-decoration:underline}.sidebar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;gap:22px;content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-block-size:auto 1600px}.side-box{background:var(--paper-card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:18px}.side-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}.side-dot{width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent)}.side-subheading{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft)}.side-list-num{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;counter-reset:sidenum}.side-list-num li{counter-increment:sidenum;display:flex;gap:12px;padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.45}.side-list-num li:last-child{border-bottom:0}.side-list-num li:before{content:counter(sidenum);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--accent);line-height:1;min-width:1.2em}.side-list-num a{text-decoration:none}.side-list-num a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.side-banner{padding:0;overflow:hidden}.side-banner-img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:31/18;object-fit:cover}.side-banner-body{padding:16px 18px}.side-banner-body a{text-decoration:none}.side-banner-body p{margin:0 0 4px;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.45}.side-banner-body small{color:var(--ink-faint)}.side-promo{display:block;text-decoration:none;margin-bottom:14px}.side-promo b{display:block;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:8px}.side-promo img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid var(--line)}.side-promo:hover b{color:var(--accent)}.side-newsletter p{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--ink-soft)}.side-newsletter-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.1rem!important;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)!important}.side-newsletter img{width:100%;height:auto;margin:12px 0;border-radius:6px}.side-btn{display:inline-block;padding:10px 18px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-radius:6px;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.side-btn:hover{background:var(--accent)}.site-footer{background:var(--ink);color:#cfc7b8;padding:34px 0 42px;text-align:center}.footer-brand{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.8rem;font-weight:800;color:#f4efe6;margin:0 0 16px}.footer-brand span{color:var(--accent)}.footer-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:8px 20px;margin-bottom:18px}.footer-links a{color:#cfc7b8;font-size:.8rem;text-decoration:none}.footer-links a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}.footer-legal{margin:0;color:#8f877a}.btn-top{position:fixed;right:18px;bottom:18px;width:44px;height:44px;border:0;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:#fff;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(28,26,23,.35);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s ease,background .15s ease;z-index:50}.btn-top.is-visible{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}.btn-top:hover{background:var(--accent-dark)}.btn-top svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:currentColor;margin:auto}@media (max-width:980px){.layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.sidebar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);align-items:start}}@media (max-width:720px){.container{padding-inline:16px}.masthead-top-inner{flex-direction:column;gap:4px;padding-block:8px}.masthead-brand-row{padding-block:18px 14px}.masthead-nav-inner{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}.nav-toggle{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;align-self:flex-start;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;padding:10px}.primary-nav{display:none;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;width:100%;padding-bottom:8px}.primary-nav.is-open{display:flex}.primary-nav a{border-bottom:0;border-left:3px solid transparent}.primary-nav a.nav-current{border-left-color:var(--accent)}.byline-date{margin-left:0;width:100%}.share-row a{width:40px;height:40px}.article-media{margin-inline:-16px}.article-media img,.article-media video{border-right:0;border-left:0;border-radius:0}.article-media figcaption{padding-inline:16px}.sidebar{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.article-body{font-size:1rem}.fact-box,.places,.pull-quote{padding-inline:16px}.form-card{padding:22px 16px}.comments{margin-top:36px;padding:18px 16px}.comment-input-row{min-width:0}.comment-input-box button{flex:0 0 auto}.comment-actions{margin-inline:8px}.comment-likes{margin-left:0}.side-box:not(.side-banner){padding:16px}}